Signals

In the world of algorithmic trading, signals are crucial components that dictate the actions of a trading bot. Open signals and close signals are two primary types of signals that indicate when to enter (open) or exit (close) a trade, respectively. Understanding these signals and how they work can significantly enhance your trading strategy, allowing for more informed and timely decisions. Below are descriptions of various open and close signals available in our trading system, designed to help you grasp their functionality and application.

Open Signals

Open signals are used to determine the optimal moments to enter a trade. These signals analyze various market conditions and indicators to identify potential buying opportunities.

ASAP

The ASAP strategy will trigger the opening of a deal immediately whenever it is called. Your trading bot will open a deal at the first possible opportunity without delays.

Options

• Warmup Period: 1 candle

Bollinger Bands %B

Bollinger Bands %B measures where the price sits within its Bollinger Bands, normalized so that 0 is the lower band and 1 is the upper band:

%B = (close − lower band) / (upper band − lower band)

A deal is opened when %B satisfies the chosen trigger against a level. The default opens on an oversold breach of the lower band (%B Less Than 0), the classic Bollinger buy-the-dip entry.

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (periods, range: 2-200)
  • std: 2 (standard deviations, range: 0.5-5)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down — how the current %B is compared against the level. Less/Greater Than fire on every candle the condition holds; Crossing Up/Down fire once, on the candle %B crosses the level.
  • level: 0 (the %B threshold, range: -2 to 2)

RSI Oversold

The RSI Oversold signal uses the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to identify oversold conditions. A deal is opened when the RSI value falls below a specified threshold, indicating potential upward price movement.

Options

• Warmup Period: 14 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (RSI periods, range: 2-100)
  • threshold: 30 (oversold threshold, range: 0-100)

EMA Crossover

The EMA Crossover strategy uses two Exponential Moving Averages (EMA) to identify potential buying opportunities. A deal is opened when the short-term EMA crosses above the long-term EMA, indicating bullish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • short-length: 20 (periods for the short EMA, range: 2-200)
  • long-length: 50 (periods for the long EMA, range: 2-200)

SMA Crossover

The SMA Crossover strategy uses two Simple Moving Averages (SMA) to identify potential buying opportunities. A deal is opened when the short-term SMA crosses above the long-term SMA, indicating bullish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • short-length: 20 (periods for the short SMA, range: 2-200)
  • long-length: 50 (periods for the long SMA, range: 2-200)

VWMA Crossover

The VWMA Crossover strategy uses the Volume Weighted Moving Average (VWMA) to identify potential buying opportunities. A deal is opened when the price crosses above the VWMA, indicating bullish momentum with volume confirmation.

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (VWMA periods, range: 2-200)

IFTRSI Bullish

The IFTRSI signal uses the Inverse Fisher Transform (IFT) of the RSI (Relative Strength Index). The IFT RSI oscillates between -1 and +1. A deal is opened when the IFT RSI value crosses above a specified threshold, indicating bullish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 14 candles
• Parameters:
  • rsi-length: 5 (RSI periods, range: 2-100)
  • wma-length: 9 (WMA smoothing periods, range: 2-100)
  • threshold: 0 (trigger threshold, range: -1 to 1)

MACD Crossover

The MACD signal is based on the standard MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), built from exponential moving averages — matching the 3commas and pandas-ta default. A deal is opened when the MACD line crosses above the signal line, indicating bullish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 35 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 12 (periods for the fast EMA, range: 2-100)
  • slow: 26 (periods for the slow EMA, range: 2-100)
  • signal: 9 (periods for the signal line, range: 2-100)

MACD DEMA Crossover

The MACD DEMA signal is based on the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) using DEMA (Double Exponential Moving Average) for faster, less laggy signals. A deal is opened when the MACD line crosses above the signal line, indicating bullish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 35 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 12 (periods for the fast DEMA, range: 2-100)
  • slow: 26 (periods for the slow DEMA, range: 2-100)
  • signal: 9 (periods for the signal line, range: 2-100)

Tillson T3

The Tillson T3 signal leverages the T3 Moving Average. A deal is opened when the T3 turns upward, indicating potential upward momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 10 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 10 (periods, range: 2-200)
  • a: 0.7 (volume factor, range: 0.1-0.99)

Ultimate Oscillator

The Ultimate Oscillator (UO) blends short, medium, and long lookback periods into a single momentum oscillator (0–100), reducing the false divergences a single-period oscillator can produce. A deal is opened when the UO satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default opens on an oversold reading (UO Less Than 30).

Options

• Warmup Period: 30 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 7 (short lookback, range: 1-100)
  • medium: 14 (medium lookback, range: 1-100)
  • slow: 28 (long lookback, range: 2-200)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down — how the current value is compared against the level. Less/Greater fire on every candle the condition holds; Crossing fires once, on the candle the value crosses the level.
  • level: 30 (range: 0-100)

ADX

The Average Directional Index (ADX) measures trend strength (0–100) regardless of direction — it does not indicate whether the trend is up or down, so it is best used to gate other conditions. A deal is opened when the ADX satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default opens on a strong trend (ADX Greater Than 25). ADX uses Wilder's RMA smoothing (double-smoothed), so it needs a long warmup to converge — the 197-candle default (≈14 × length) keeps the reading stable.

Options

• Warmup Period: 197 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (smoothing period, range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down (as above).
  • level: 25 (range: 0-100)

Stochastic

The Stochastic Oscillator (%K, 0–100) locates the close within the recent high–low range, smoothed twice. A deal is opened when %K satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default opens on an oversold reading (%K Less Than 20).

Options

• Warmup Period: 25 candles
• Parameters:
  • %K Length: 14 (lookback, range: 2-100)
  • %K Smoothing: 3 (range: 1-100)
  • %D Smoothing: 3 (range: 1-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down (as above).
  • level: 20 (range: 0-100)

Money Flow Index

The Money Flow Index (MFI, 0–100) is a volume-weighted momentum oscillator — an RSI that also accounts for traded volume. A deal is opened when the MFI satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default opens on an oversold reading (MFI Less Than 20).

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down (as above).
  • level: 20 (range: 0-100)

CCI

The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) measures how far price has deviated from its statistical mean, oscillating mostly within ±100. A deal is opened when the CCI satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default opens on an oversold reading (CCI Less Than -100).

Options

• Warmup Period: 25 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (range: 2-200)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down (as above).
  • level: -100 (range: -300 to 300)

Parabolic SAR

The Parabolic SAR (Stop and Reverse) trails a stop that flips sides when the trend reverses. A deal is opened on a bullish flip — when the price crosses above the SAR (the SAR moves below price, signalling an up-trend).

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • step: 0.02 (acceleration step, range: 0.001-0.5)
  • max: 0.2 (maximum acceleration, range: 0.01-1)

Renko

Renko filters out time and noise by redrawing price as bricks: a new brick is added only when the close moves a full box beyond the previous brick, and a reversal brick requires moving two full boxes against the trend. Box height is a percentage of price, so one setting behaves the same on every pair — a 1% box is ~$630 on BTC at $63,000 and ~$0.0012 on a $0.12 coin. Bricks snap to a fixed percentage grid of price levels, so the chart is deterministic: it never redraws differently after a restart or between evaluations (unlike TradingView's Renko, which shifts with loaded history).

A deal is opened after N consecutive up-bricks, and only when the newest brick of that run was printed by the last closed candle — a run that completed earlier and went quiet will not keep opening deals. A single large candle that prints several bricks at once can complete the run and fire immediately.

Because bricks are driven by price movement rather than time, the warmup window must contain enough price travel to form bricks. With larger boxes or quiet pairs, raise the Warmup Period.

Options

• Warmup Period: 200 candles
• Parameters:
  • box-percent: 1.0 (box height as % of price, range: 0.05-25)
  • count: 3 (consecutive up-bricks required, range: 1-10)

Kalman Trend Strength

This signal runs closing prices through a Kalman filter — an estimator that treats each price as a noisy measurement of two hidden components: the underlying trend and the smaller oscillation around it. Every candle the filter predicts where the trend should be next, compares the prediction against the actual close, and folds the surprise back into both components. The result adapts continuously: smooth when price is noisy, responsive when price genuinely moves.

The oscillation component is then converted into a trend strength reading: it is measured against the largest oscillation seen over the last trend-lookback candles and smoothed, giving a bounded value from -100 to +100. Readings above +10 mark an established up-trend (a bull state), below -10 an established down-trend (bear), and the band in between is neutral — the zone where trends are forming or dying.

A deal is opened, by default, on the candle trend strength crosses up through +10 — the moment the up-trend is first confirmed. The trigger and level are configurable: crossing up 0 enters earlier (mid-neutral, cheaper but less confirmed), and higher levels demand a stronger trend before entering. Less/Greater Than triggers fire on every candle the condition holds; Crossing triggers fire once, on the crossing candle.

The filter's state builds up over the history it is given, so the Warmup Period matters: at the default measurement-noise of 500, 300 candles reproduces the fully-converged reading almost exactly, and values much below ~150 will make early readings depend on where the window starts. Raising measurement-noise makes the filter trust prices less (smoother, slower) — and a slower filter needs proportionally more history, so the required warmup grows with it (600 candles at 2000, ~1342 at the 10000 maximum). Bilo enforces that on save; a high measurement-noise therefore needs a finer candle interval, since the 8h/12h/1d intervals cap warmup below what it asks for. strength-smoothness smooths the strength reading itself.

Options

• Warmup Period: 300 candles
• Parameters:
  • measurement-noise: 500 (price trust; higher = smoother, range: 0-10000)
  • trend-lookback: 10 (candles used to normalize strength, range: 2-100)
  • strength-smoothness: 10 (smoothing of the strength reading, range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 10 (the strength threshold, range: -100 to 100)

Close Signals

Close signals are used to determine the optimal moments to exit a trade. These signals help in locking in profits or minimizing losses by analyzing market conditions and indicators.

Take Profit

The Take Profit signal will close a deal when the profit the deal would actually bank reaches a specified percentage. The projection prices the exit itself: exchange trading fees (entry and exit) and the exchange's quantity rounding (sell orders are floored to the pair's lot step; the sub-step remainder is written off) are all included, so a 1.5% target means the deal nets 1.5% — not that the price moved 1.5%. On pairs where one lot step is large relative to your order size, this makes deals wait for a higher price rather than close at a hidden loss.

Options

• Warmup Period: 1 candle
• Parameters:
  • take-profit: 1.5 (percentage, range: 0.1-100)

Timing: Take Profit is checked on every 1-minute close, regardless of your bot's Interval, so it closes as soon as your target is reached. The indicator-based close signals below are instead evaluated once per interval candle. See Evaluation Timing.

Bollinger Bands %B

Bollinger Bands %B measures where the price sits within its Bollinger Bands, normalized so that 0 is the lower band and 1 is the upper band (see the Open Signals section for the formula). A deal is closed when %B satisfies the chosen trigger against a level. The default closes on an overbought breach of the upper band (%B Greater Than 1).

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (periods, range: 2-200)
  • std: 2 (standard deviations, range: 0.5-5)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down — how the current %B is compared against the level. Less/Greater Than fire on every candle the condition holds; Crossing Up/Down fire once, on the candle %B crosses the level.
  • level: 1 (the %B threshold, range: -2 to 2)

RSI Overbought

The RSI Overbought signal uses the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to identify overbought conditions. A deal is closed when the RSI value rises above a specified threshold, indicating potential downward price movement.

Options

• Warmup Period: 14 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (RSI periods, range: 2-100)
  • threshold: 70 (overbought threshold, range: 0-100)

EMA Crossover

The EMA Crossover strategy uses two Exponential Moving Averages (EMA) to identify exit points. A deal is closed when the short-term EMA crosses below the long-term EMA, indicating bearish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • short-length: 20 (periods for the short EMA, range: 2-200)
  • long-length: 50 (periods for the long EMA, range: 2-200)

SMA Crossover

The SMA Crossover strategy uses two Simple Moving Averages (SMA) to identify exit points. A deal is closed when the short-term SMA crosses below the long-term SMA, indicating bearish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • short-length: 20 (periods for the short SMA, range: 2-200)
  • long-length: 50 (periods for the long SMA, range: 2-200)

VWMA Crossover

The VWMA Crossover strategy uses the Volume Weighted Moving Average (VWMA) to identify exit points. A deal is closed when the price crosses below the VWMA, indicating bearish momentum with volume confirmation.

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (VWMA periods, range: 2-200)

IFTRSI Bearish

The IFTRSI signal uses the Inverse Fisher Transform (IFT) of the RSI (Relative Strength Index). The IFT RSI oscillates between -1 and +1. A deal is closed when the IFT RSI value crosses below a specified threshold, indicating bearish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 14 candles
• Parameters:
  • rsi-length: 5 (RSI periods, range: 2-100)
  • wma-length: 9 (WMA smoothing periods, range: 2-100)
  • threshold: 0 (trigger threshold, range: -1 to 1)

MACD Crossover

The MACD signal is based on the standard MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), built from exponential moving averages — matching the 3commas and pandas-ta default. A deal is closed when the MACD line crosses below the signal line, indicating bearish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 35 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 12 (periods for the fast EMA, range: 2-100)
  • slow: 26 (periods for the slow EMA, range: 2-100)
  • signal: 9 (periods for the signal line, range: 2-100)

MACD DEMA Crossover

The MACD DEMA signal is based on the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) using DEMA (Double Exponential Moving Average) for faster, less laggy signals. A deal is closed when the MACD line crosses below the signal line, indicating bearish momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 35 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 12 (periods for the fast DEMA, range: 2-100)
  • slow: 26 (periods for the slow DEMA, range: 2-100)
  • signal: 9 (periods for the signal line, range: 2-100)

Tillson T3

The Tillson T3 signal leverages the T3 Moving Average. A deal is closed when the T3 turns downward, indicating potential downward momentum.

Options

• Warmup Period: 10 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 10 (periods, range: 2-200)
  • a: 0.7 (volume factor, range: 0.1-0.99)

Ultimate Oscillator

The Ultimate Oscillator (UO) — see the Open Signals section for the formula. A deal is closed when the UO satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default closes on an overbought reading (UO Greater Than 70).

Options

• Warmup Period: 30 candles
• Parameters:
  • fast: 7 (range: 1-100)
  • medium: 14 (range: 1-100)
  • slow: 28 (range: 2-200)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 70 (range: 0-100)

ADX

The Average Directional Index (ADX) — trend strength; see the Open Signals section. A deal is closed when the ADX satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default closes when the trend fades (ADX Less Than 20).

Options

• Warmup Period: 197 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 20 (range: 0-100)

Stochastic

The Stochastic Oscillator (%K) — see the Open Signals section. A deal is closed when %K satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default closes on an overbought reading (%K Greater Than 80).

Options

• Warmup Period: 25 candles
• Parameters:
  • %K Length: 14 (range: 2-100)
  • %K Smoothing: 3 (range: 1-100)
  • %D Smoothing: 3 (range: 1-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 80 (range: 0-100)

Money Flow Index

The Money Flow Index (MFI) — see the Open Signals section. A deal is closed when the MFI satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default closes on an overbought reading (MFI Greater Than 80).

Options

• Warmup Period: 20 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 14 (range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 80 (range: 0-100)

CCI

The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) — see the Open Signals section. A deal is closed when the CCI satisfies the chosen trigger against a level; the default closes on an overbought reading (CCI Greater Than 100).

Options

• Warmup Period: 25 candles
• Parameters:
  • length: 20 (range: 2-200)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: 100 (range: -300 to 300)

Parabolic SAR

The Parabolic SAR (Stop and Reverse) — see the Open Signals section. A deal is closed on a bearish flip — when the price crosses below the SAR (the SAR moves above price, signalling a down-trend).

Options

• Warmup Period: 50 candles
• Parameters:
  • step: 0.02 (range: 0.001-0.5)
  • max: 0.2 (range: 0.01-1)

Renko

Renko bricks — see the Open Signals section for how bricks form. A deal is closed after N consecutive down-bricks, and only when the newest brick of that run was printed by the last closed candle. A sharp drop that prints several down-bricks in one candle can complete the run and close immediately.

Options

• Warmup Period: 200 candles
• Parameters:
  • box-percent: 1.0 (box height as % of price, range: 0.05-25)
  • count: 3 (consecutive down-bricks required, range: 1-10)

Kalman Trend Strength

The Kalman-filtered trend strength reading — see the Open Signals section for how it works. A deal is closed, by default, on the candle strength crosses down through -10 — the moment a down-trend is first confirmed. Note the gap between the states: after an up-trend fades below +10, the deal is held through the neutral band and only closed if strength actually reaches the bear state. Exiting earlier is a matter of raising the level: crossing down +10 closes as soon as the up-trend fades, 0 splits the difference — earlier exits give back less of a retracement but get shaken out by dips that would have recovered.

Options

• Warmup Period: 300 candles
• Parameters:
  • measurement-noise: 500 (price trust; higher = smoother, range: 0-10000)
  • trend-lookback: 10 (candles used to normalize strength, range: 2-100)
  • strength-smoothness: 10 (smoothing of the strength reading, range: 2-100)
  • trigger: Less Than / Greater Than / Crossing Up / Crossing Down.
  • level: -10 (the strength threshold, range: -100 to 100)